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“A Banana a day keeps the Doctor away!”

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Bananas contain three natural sugars – sucrose, fructose and glucose combined with fiber. A banana gives an instant, sustained and substantial boost of energy.

Research has proven that just two bananas provide enough energy for a strenuous 90-minute workout. No wonder the banana is the number one fruit with the world’s leading athletes.

But energy isn’t the only way a banana can help us keep fit.

It can also help overcome or prevent a substantial number of illnesses and conditions, making it a must to add to our daily diet.

Depression: According to a recent survey undertaken by MIND amongst people suffering from depression, many felt much better after eating a banana. This is because bananas contain tryptophan, a type of protein that the body converts into serotonin, known to make you relax, improve your mood and generally make you feel happier.

PMS: Forget the pills – eat a banana. The vitamin B6 it contains regulates blood glucose levels, which can affect your mood.

Anemia: High in iron, bananas can stimulate the production of hemoglobin in the blood and so helps in cases of anemia.

Blood Pressure: This unique tropical fruit is extremely high in potassium yet low in salt, making it perfect to beat blood pressure. So much so, the US Food and Drug Administration has just allowed the banana industry to make official claims for the fruit’s ability to reduce the risk of blood pressure and stroke.

Brain Power: 200 students at a Twickenham (Middlesex) school were helped through their exams this year by eating bananas at breakfast, break, and lunch in a bid to boost their brain power. Research has shown that the potassium-packed fruit can assist learning by making pupils more alert.

Constipation: High in fiber, including bananas in the diet can help restore normal bowel action, helping to overcome the problem without resorting to laxatives.

Hangovers: One of the quickest ways of curing a hangover is to make a banana milkshake, sweetened with honey. The banana calms the stomach and, with the help of the honey, builds up depleted blood sugar levels, while the milk soothes and re-hydrates your system.

Heartburn: Bananas have a natural antacid effect in the body, so if you suffer from heartburn, try eating a banana for soothing relief.

Morning Sickness: Snacking on bananas between meals helps to keep blood sugar levels up and avoid morning sickness.

Mosquito bites: Before reaching for the insect bite cream, try rubbing the affected area with the inside of a banana skin. Many people find it amazingly successful at reducing swelling and irritation.

Nerves: Bananas are high in B vitamins that help calm the nervous system.

Overweight and at work? Studies at the Institute of Psychology in Austria found pressure at work leads to gorging on comfort food like chocolate and crisps. Looking at 5,000 hospital patients, researchers found the most obese were more likely to be in high-pressure jobs. The report concluded that, to avoid panic-induced food cravings, we need to control our blood sugar levels by snacking on high carbohydrate foods every two hours to keep levels steady.
Ulcers: The banana is used as the dietary food against intestinal disorders because of its soft texture and smoothness. It is the only raw fruit that can be eaten without distress in over-chronicler cases. It also neutralizes over-acidity and reduces irritation by coating the lining of the stomach.

Temperature control: Many other cultures see bananas as a “cooling” fruit that can lower both the physical and emotional temperature of expectant mothers. In Thailand, for example, pregnant women eat bananas to ensure their baby is born with a cool temperature.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Bananas can help SAD sufferers because they contain the natural mood enhancer tryptophan.

Smoking & Tobacco Use: Bananas can also help people trying to give up smoking. The B6, B12 they contain, as well as the potassium (K) and magnesium (Ma) found in them, help the body recover from the effects of nicotine withdrawal.

Stress: Potassium is a vital mineral, which helps normalize the heartbeat, sends oxygen to the brain and regulates your body’s water balance. When we are stressed, our metabolic rate rises, thereby reducing our potassium levels. These can be rebalanced with the help of a high-potassium banana snack.

Strokes: According to research in “The New England Journal of Medicine, ‘eating bananas as part of a regular diet can cut the risk of death by strokes by as much as 40%!

Warts: Those keen on natural alternatives swear that if you want to kill off a wart, take a piece of banana skin and place it on the wart, with the yellow side out. Carefully hold the skin in place with a plaster or surgical tape!

So, a banana really is a natural remedy for many ills. When you compare it to an apple, it has four times the protein, twice the carbohydrate, three times the phosphorus, five times the vitamin A and iron, and twice the other vitamins and minerals. It is also rich in potassium and is one of the best value foods around So maybe its time to change that well-known phrase so that we say, “A banana a day keeps the doctor away!”

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Ranikot Fort: The Great Wall of Sindh

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Ranikot Fort, often dubbed as the “Great Wall of Sindh,” is one of Pakistan’s most fascinating and enigmatic historical landmarks. Situated near the town of Sann in Jamshoro District, Sindh, the fort is recognized as one of the largest in the world, with a perimeter of around 32 kilometers (20 miles). Despite its immense size and strategic location, much about its origins remains a mystery, adding to its allure and significance as a cultural and historical monument.

Historical Background

Ranikot Fort is believed to have been originally constructed in the first half of the 17th century, though there are varying accounts about its exact origins. Some historians suggest that it may date back even further, to the reign of the Sassanian Empire or earlier. It was later renovated and expanded during the rule of the Talpur Mirs in the early 19th century, as they sought to fortify their domain against external threats.

The purpose of the fort, however, remains unclear. While some believe it was built as a defense against invasions, others argue that it was a means of securing trade routes or serving as a safe haven for local rulers. The lack of any major historical records associated with significant battles or sieges at Ranikot adds to the ambiguity surrounding its function.

Architectural Marvel

The scale of Ranikot is staggering, covering an area of approximately 32 square kilometers. The fort’s massive walls snake across the barren landscape, resembling the Great Wall of China, with which it is often compared. Constructed from limestone and sandstone, the fort’s walls rise up to 6 meters (20 feet) in height and are punctuated by several bastions and watchtowers.

Ranikot has four main gates: Sann Gate, Amri Gate, Shah-Pere Gate, and Mohan Gate, each offering access to different sections of the fort. The Sann Gate, located on the eastern side, is the main entrance and is notable for its intricate design and stonework.

Within the fort’s vast expanse lies another fortification known as the “Meeri” or “Mirikot,” a small fort within the larger walls that served as the residence of the Talpur Mirs. This inner fort has its own gates and walls, adding an additional layer of defense. The Meeri Fort is perched on a hill, providing a commanding view of the surrounding landscape.

The Great Wall of Sindh

The fort’s walls, stretching across the arid hills, resemble a smaller version of the Great Wall of China. This feature has earned Ranikot the nickname “The Great Wall of Sindh.” The zigzagging walls extend for miles, blending into the rocky terrain, and are a stunning sight, especially at sunrise or sunset when the golden light casts long shadows over the surrounding desert.

Unlike the Great Wall of China, however, Ranikot is not located in a highly populated or strategically important area. Its remote location has contributed to the fort’s air of mystery, as well as its relative obscurity in the global historical and architectural landscape.

Mysteries and Theories

The true purpose of Ranikot Fort is still shrouded in mystery. Scholars and historians have proposed various theories about why it was built, ranging from a defense structure against invasions from Central Asia to a royal retreat for the Talpur dynasty. Some suggest that it was intended to protect the local population from bandits and raiders, while others believe it may have been a strategic point for controlling trade routes passing through the region.

One of the most intriguing aspects of Ranikot is the lack of significant historical records or evidence of major battles taking place there. Its size and scale suggest that it must have had some important function, yet it remains an enigma to this day.

Cultural Significance

Ranikot Fort is not only an architectural marvel but also a cultural treasure. It stands as a testament to the rich history of Sindh, a region that has been home to ancient civilizations, including the Indus Valley Civilization. The fort’s design reflects the influences of various dynasties and cultures that have ruled over Sindh, from the Greeks and Mauryas to the Mughals and Talpurs.

In modern times, Ranikot has gained recognition as a symbol of Sindh’s historical heritage. The fort has been nominated for inclusion in UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites list, which would help preserve and promote this incredible site on a global stage.

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Terich Mir: The Majestic Peak of the Hindu Kush. (33rd Highest Peak in the World)

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Terich Mir, standing proudly at an elevation of 7,708 meters (25,289 feet), is the highest peak in the Hindu Kush mountain range and one of the tallest mountains in the world. Located in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Terich Mir is a symbol of natural beauty, geographical significance, and adventure, attracting mountaineers, trekkers, and nature enthusiasts from around the globe.

Geographical Significance

Terich Mir is part of the western Himalayas, which extends into the Pamirs and Karakoram ranges. Its towering presence dominates the landscape of Chitral, a region already known for its breathtaking valleys, rivers, and forests. The mountain stands as a natural divider, separating the valleys of the upper Chitral region from Afghanistan’s Wakhan Corridor. Its prominence has made it a focal point in the study of climate, geography, and ecology within this part of the world.

Cultural and Historical Relevance

The name “Terich Mir” is thought to have origins in the local language, where “Terich” refers to the valley and “Mir” means king. It is often referred to as the “King of the Hindu Kush” due to its stature and importance in local lore and geography.

The people of Chitral have lived in the shadow of this great mountain for centuries, and their culture is deeply intertwined with the landscape. The Kalash, a unique indigenous community residing in nearby valleys, maintain ancient traditions, rituals, and festivals that are as enduring as the peaks themselves. Terich Mir plays a key role in the region’s oral history, and local legends often attribute mystical significance to the mountain.

Mountaineering and Exploration

Since the first successful ascent in 1950 by a Norwegian expedition led by Arne Næss, Terich Mir has been a sought-after destination for mountaineers. The peak presents a variety of challenges, from steep icy slopes to unpredictable weather, making it a technical climb that only experienced climbers dare attempt. Despite its allure, fewer expeditions attempt Terich Mir compared to peaks in the Karakoram, partly due to its remoteness and difficult accessibility.

For trekkers and nature lovers, the region offers an unparalleled experience. The approach to the base of Terich Mir involves scenic routes through the Chitral valley, crossing lush meadows, rushing rivers, and serene villages. The awe-inspiring vistas of the snow-capped mountains, combined with the tranquility of the region, offer a sense of connection with nature that is difficult to match.

Biodiversity and Ecology

Terich Mir is not just a marvel for its size but also for the unique flora and fauna that inhabit the region. The area around the mountain supports diverse ecosystems, ranging from alpine meadows to glacial landscapes. Wildlife in the region includes snow leopards, ibex, Marco Polo sheep, and a wide variety of bird species. The forests at the lower elevations are home to rich biodiversity, contributing to the mountain’s ecological significance.

Tourism Potential and Conservation

While Terich Mir remains relatively unexplored compared to some of Pakistan’s other peaks, its potential as a tourist destination is immense. Promoting sustainable tourism in the region can bring economic opportunities to the local communities while raising awareness about the need to protect the fragile environment of the Hindu Kush.

Efforts are already underway to develop infrastructure to support eco-tourism, with the local government and NGOs working together to balance the needs of conservation and economic development. The serene beauty of the region combined with the cultural richness of Chitral makes Terich Mir not only a climber’s paradise but also a destination for those looking to experience Pakistan’s unparalleled natural heritage.

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A Man-Made Wonder: Changa Manga – The World’s Largest Artificial Forest

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The Changa Manga Forest, located in Pakistan’s Punjab province, is one# of the most impressive 12,000 hectares (47 square miles), this man-made wonder is not only the world’s largest artificial forest but also a symbol of Pakistan’s commitment to environmental conservation, biodiversity, and reforestation.

The Origin Story: An Ingenious Solution

The Changa Manga forest was established in 1866 by the British, primarily to meet the growing demand for timber to fuel the expanding railway system of the Indian subcontinent. The British colonial government realized that they needed a sustainable source of wood to produce railway sleepers, which led to the creation of this artificial forest. Located 70 kilometers southwest of Lahore, the forest was named after two legendary bandits, Changa and Manga, who once roamed the area.

A Testament to Human Ingenuity

The forest was not grown naturally but was planted in a planned and systematic manner, transforming barren land into a thriving forest ecosystem. The efforts undertaken in the 19th century remain a testament to human ingenuity and the power of reforestation. Over the years, Changa Manga has grown into a dense forest that supports a variety of trees, plants, and wildlife, creating a self-sustaining ecosystem.

A Hub of Biodiversity

Today, the Changa Manga Forest is a biodiversity hotspot, home to an incredible array of flora and fauna. Eucalyptus, shisham, and mulberry trees dominate the landscape, providing shelter and sustenance to numerous animal species. Wildlife such as deer, wild boars, jackals, and a variety of bird species thrive in this carefully nurtured habitat.

The forest is also known for its role in producing honey, an industry that thrives due to the variety of flowering plants. Additionally, medicinal plants are cultivated here, further contributing to the forest’s economic and environmental importance.

Environmental and Economic Impact

The significance of Changa Manga extends beyond its natural beauty. The forest plays a vital role in carbon sequestration, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It also helps in soil conservation, groundwater recharge, and the regulation of local climate conditions.

Economically, the forest is an important resource for timber and wood-based industries, generating revenue while supporting sustainable forestry practices. The honey and medicinal plant industries further add to its economic contributions. Additionally, the forest offers a recreation area for eco-tourism, attracting nature lovers, students, and researchers.

Challenges and Conservation Efforts

Despite its significance, Changa Manga has faced challenges, particularly deforestation and illegal logging. Urban encroachment and exploitation of its resources have also threatened its sustainability. However, conservation efforts have been initiated by both governmental and non-governmental organizations to protect this valuable forest. Reforestation drives and strict regulations on logging have been put in place to ensure that Changa Manga continues to thrive.

A Tourist Haven

Changa Manga is not just an ecological asset but also a recreational haven for tourists. The forest offers a variety of activities such as boating, bird watching, picnicking, and horse riding, making it a popular weekend destination for locals. The Changa Manga Wildlife Park within the forest is another attraction, housing a variety of animals and providing educational opportunities for visitors interested in nature and conservation.

Conclusion: A Legacy of Green

Changa Manga stands as a living example of the possibilities of human intervention in nature for the greater good. It not only provides resources and a livelihood for many but also acts as a green lung for the region, contributing to environmental sustainability. As the world grapples with climate change and deforestation, Changa Manga offers hope and inspiration for reforestation efforts globally.

The Changa Manga Forest, a man-made wonder, is a lasting legacy of foresight, environmental stewardship, and the power of human effort to shape a greener, more sustainable future.

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