Atta Shad: The Giant Literary Figure

Literature has always played a great role in preserving and sustaining the culture, tradition, civilization, and lifestyle of the people. It is about the taste of life. Literary figures are the icons of literature who produce and reproduce pieces of stuff and give it life. They are the most profound and kind figures of society. So, today we will meet with the literary giant of Balochistan, Atta Shad.

Early life

Atta Shad is considered to be the forerunner of modern Balochi poetry, Shad was also a noted researcher and a critic. Shad was born as Mohammad Ishaq, in a carpenter’s family in the Kech District of Balochistan, during the year 1939. He got his education from Balochistan.

As a Poet

The lively man started his poetic journey during the late fifties, under the pen name of Atta Shad. Shad used poetry to present the world solely through a subjective outlook. His poetry is heavily dotted with imagery and artistic expressions. Hence, his work draws upon raw emotions, evoking moods and ideas. Besides, Shad’s observant and sensitive nature allowed him to take inspiration from the locales of his province. One can notice a multitude of metaphors in his works referring to the weather, topographical diversity, and natural beauty of Balochistan.

Whereas, the trailblazing poet disregarded the norms of his times and carved a path of his own. During his era, the Baloch literary scene was divided into two main groups. First were the purists, who were of the opinion that the Balochi language should be limited to the Western dialect only, which was used in the regions of Siestan and Makran. According to them, any other dialect ought to be shunned. Second were the progressives, who were less concerned with the technicalities of the language and insisted on concentrating upon the political and economic notions discussed in the poetry.

However, Shad distanced himself from such a divide and refused to be an adherent of either of the thoughts. Instead, he developed his own manner of poetry. In the beginning, Shad took inspiration from Faiz Ahmad Faiz’s way of writing, but soon his personal style emerged. Another vital feature of his style of writing is the inclusion of different dialects of the Balochi language in his works. Such a practice was initially discouraged by the traditional poets of that period.

However, with the passage of time, Atta Shad, with his flavorful poetry, gained a respectable rank among his peers. That is why his poetry surpasses the conventional manner of being limited to a single region. Western romantic poets such as Shelly, T.S. Elliot, and Coleridge also significantly inspired Shad. Most likely that is the reason why some of his Balochi poetry oozes with romanticism. He was also among the pioneers of free verse in Balochi poetry. For such an act, he was oft-times deemed rebellious.

His Urdu Poetry

Atta Shad also penned down poems in the Urdu language. He added a unique layer to his Urdu poetry by infusing Balochi axioms into his writings. One may find references of famous Balochi fables and romantic legends such as “Hani o Shay Mureed” and “Lori” in his works. Contrastingly, while deliberating on the Baloch locales, he did not turn a blind eye to the atrocities borne by the province over the years. Some of his work was also influenced by the political and social developments that took place around him.

However, instead of taking on a descriptive tone to explore the socio-political issues, the poet chose to discuss such solemn matters in a rather enchanting manner. As a result, his writings are still capable of evoking the required reactions among his readers. It is interesting to know that although he penned down poems in both Urdu and Balochi languages. But he published only Urdu poetry books during his lifetime.

His collections of Balochi poetry were published after his demise. “Barfaag” and “Singaab” are the book titles of his Urdu poetry anthologies, while his well-known Balochi works include “Shap Sahar Andem” and “Rochgir”.

As a Prose writer

Although Atta Shad is primarily known for his works in the field of poetry, he also delved into prose and delivered some exceptional pieces. However, his stint in essay and article writing remained somewhat limited. Nevertheless, his prose writings are regarded as valuable contributions to Balochi literature.

His Versatility

Apart from his contributions in poetry and literature, the maestro continued to serve the State of Pakistan in various capacities during his lifespan. He held a total of thirteen high-profile positions at numerous government departments ranging from the departments of archaeology, and information to the departments of forests, and public relations. Moreover, Shad also worked for Radio Pakistan during the sixties. He wrote various plays for Pakistan Television. He represented the Balochi language in various countries across the world, such as Australia, China, Iran, United States, United Kingdom, Singapore, and Turkey.

His winning Awards

In recognition of his role in poetry in Urdu and Balochi languages, Sitara e Imtiaz and Presidential Pride of Performance were awarded to him. Several educational institutions have been constructed in his name as a tribute to his services to literature including Atta Shad English Language Institute and Atta Shad Academy, Turbat.

Moreover, some community places have also been named after him namely, Atta Shad Auditorium, Idara-e-Saqafat-e-Balochistan in Quetta, and Atta Shad Park in Turbat.

Passed Away

On February 13, 1997, Atta Shad left this world for his heavenly abode. He is buried in the Qasi graveyard of Quetta, Balochistan. Shad’s poetic works continue to assist as a connection between Balochi and Urdu poetry. It is not wrong to say that Atta Shad was a man ahead of his time. His genius was discovered much later than when it should have been. Another vital feature of his style of writing is the inclusion of different dialects of the Balochi language in his works.

One of the most geographically significant and awe-inspiring places on Earth lies in the northern region of Pakistan, where three of the world’s most iconic mountain ranges meet: the Himalayas, the Karakoram, and the Hindu Kush. This junction point, located near the city of Gilgit, is a rare and remarkable phenomenon, unmatched anywhere else in the world. The convergence of these mighty ranges has shaped the physical, cultural, and climatic landscape of the region, making it a globally significant site for mountaineers, geologists, and travelers alike.

The Great Mountain Ranges

1. The Himalayas: Stretching over 2,400 kilometers across five countries, the Himalayas are the tallest mountain range in the world. Home to the planet’s highest peak, Mount Everest (8,848 meters), the Himalayas are a symbol of grandeur and natural beauty. In Pakistan, the westernmost end of the Himalayan range can be seen, which includes notable peaks such as Nanga Parbat (8,126 meters), the world’s ninth-highest mountain. Known as the “Killer Mountain,” Nanga Parbat is one of the most formidable challenges for mountaineers.
2. The Karakoram Range: The Karakoram is arguably the most rugged and spectacular range, famed for its concentration of towering peaks. It contains K2 (8,611 meters), the second-highest mountain in the world and one of the most challenging climbs. The Karakoram range stretches over 500 kilometers and is home to some of the largest glaciers outside the polar regions, including the Baltoro Glacier and the Siachen Glacier. The Karakoram is known for its dramatic landscapes, with sharp ridges, ice-clad peaks, and deep valleys.
3. The Hindu Kush: Extending from central Afghanistan to northern Pakistan, the Hindu Kush range is famous for its historical and geopolitical significance. It has acted as a natural barrier between Central Asia and South Asia for centuries, influencing the movement of peoples, cultures, and armies. The highest peak in the range is Tirich Mir (7,708 meters), located in Pakistan’s Chitral district. The Hindu Kush is known for its rugged terrain and steep passes, and its name is often translated as “Killer of the Hindus,” referencing the harsh conditions of the region.

The Unique Convergence

The junction point of these three colossal ranges is located near the Karakoram Highway (KKH), particularly at a place called Jaglot, just south of Gilgit city in Gilgit-Baltistan. This geographical marvel, often referred to as the “Triple Point”, is where the edges of the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush come together. The area is flanked by mighty peaks and offers stunning views of the ranges that diverge from this unique location, each heading off in different directions.

The Indus River flows nearby, further enhancing the dramatic natural beauty of the region. It cuts through these mountain ranges, acting as a lifeline for the people of Pakistan and feeding into the plains of Punjab and Sindh. The Indus River has its source in the Tibetan Plateau and journeys through these formidable mountains before entering Pakistan.

Geological Significance

The convergence of the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush is not only a breathtaking sight but also a point of great geological interest. This junction marks the collision of tectonic plates – the Indian Plate colliding with the Eurasian Plate. This tectonic activity is responsible for the creation of the Himalayan range and the continued growth of the mountains. The region remains seismically active, with earthquakes being a frequent occurrence.

The Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges, though younger than the Himalayas in geological terms, are part of the same complex tectonic history. The ongoing tectonic forces continue to shape the landscape, giving rise to steep peaks, deep valleys, and massive glaciers.

Cultural and Historical Importance

The junction of these three ranges is not just a meeting point of mountains but also a crossroads of cultures. Historically, the region has been a part of ancient trade routes, including the famous Silk Road, which connected the East with the West. Traders, pilgrims, and conquerors have passed through these mountains, leaving behind a rich cultural legacy.

The indigenous people of the region, including Baltis, Shins, and Wakhis, have lived in the shadow of these mountains for centuries. Their cultures and traditions have been shaped by the harsh yet beautiful environment, with a deep connection to the land. The strategic importance of the region has also made it a point of interest for many empires throughout history, including the Mughals, British Empire, and modern-day powers.

Tourism and Mountaineering

The junction point of the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush has become a popular destination for adventurers, trekkers, and nature enthusiasts. The Karakoram Highway, often called the eighth wonder of the world, is one of the highest paved roads on the planet and offers access to this unique geographical feature. The highway, which follows the ancient Silk Road, attracts tourists seeking to experience the majestic landscapes and the rugged beauty of northern Pakistan.

Mountaineers are drawn to the region because of its concentration of some of the world’s highest and most challenging peaks. The Baltoro Glacier trek and expeditions to K2 and Nanga Parbat are among the most coveted adventures in the mountaineering world. The region is also home to beautiful valleys such as Hunza, Skardu, and Chitral, which offer stunning landscapes, ancient forts, and a glimpse into the unique cultures of the people living in this remote part of the world.

Environmental Concerns

While the region’s natural beauty and ruggedness are appealing, the area is also fragile and under threat from climate change. The glaciers of the Karakoram, Himalayas, and Hindu Kush are crucial sources of fresh water for millions of people in Pakistan and beyond, feeding major rivers like the Indus. However, these glaciers are now receding at an alarming rate due to rising global temperatures.

Efforts are being made to study and preserve the environment, but the challenges posed by climate change are significant. Sustainable tourism, environmental conservation, and responsible development are essential to ensuring that this unique region continues to thrive for future generations.

Conclusion

The junction point of the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush in northern Pakistan is a natural wonder of global significance. The convergence of these three mighty ranges represents the meeting of some of the most formidable and spectacular mountains in the world. Beyond its geographical and geological importance, the region is a cultural crossroads, a mountaineer’s paradise, and a crucial environmental zone.

As the “Roof of the World,” this part of Pakistan stands as a testament to the planet’s natural beauty and the enduring spirit of adventure that draws people to its towering peaks and vast landscapes.

Pakistan is home to 108 peaks that rise above 7,000 meters, making it one of the premier destinations for high-altitude mountaineering. Most of these peaks are concentrated in the Karakoram and Himalayan ranges, with a few in the Hindu Kush. Here are some of the most prominent 7,000-meter peaks in Pakistan:

Notable 7,000+ Meter Peaks in Pakistan

1. K2 – 8,611 meters (Second highest in the world)
2. Nanga Parbat – 8,126 meters
3. Broad Peak – 8,051 meters
4. Gasherbrum I (Hidden Peak) – 8,080 meters
5. Gasherbrum II – 8,035 meters
6. Gasherbrum III – 7,946 meters
7. Gasherbrum IV – 7,925 meters
8. Distaghil Sar – 7,885 meters
9. Masherbrum – 7,821 meters
10. Rakaposhi – 7,788 meters
11. Batura I – 7,795 meters
12. Kanjut Sar – 7,760 meters
13. Sia Kangri – 7,442 meters
14. Chogolisa – 7,665 meters
15. Tirich Mir – 7,708 meters

These towering peaks make Pakistan a globally renowned destination for climbers and trekkers alike.