Article

Peshawar Museum: Being largest one across globe to home Gandhara Art, all set to attract huge number of tourists on co

Published

4 years ago

February 1, 2021

Editor

PESHAWAR, (APP):Established in the heart of Peshawar some 150 years back on Sher Shah Suri Road, Peshawar Museum having a unique treasure of 30,000 antiquities of Gandhara civilization is all set to attract international tourists and followers of Buddhism in droves following completion of ongoing renovation work to enhance its architectural outlook.

Being a lone museum of Gandhara Art in the world having around 30,000 antiquities and a complete life story of Founder of Buddhism, Lord Buddha, Peshawar Museum is going to become an international center for Gandhara Art lovers after completion of expansion, renovation and preservation work currently in progress under Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Integrated Tourism Project (KITE).

Lateefur Rehman, Spokesperson Archeology and Museums Department told APP that conservation work on Peshawar Museum was initiated under the umbrella project of KITE worth Rs 17billion with assistance of World Bank to bring it at par with international standards and enhance its architectural value.

“We have engaged skilled laborers and hired consultants for conservation works that will be completed soon,” he said. Being the world’s largest Museum of Gandhara Art, Peshawar Museum had a unique distinction of housing more than 30,000 antiquities out of which 14,000 were put on display for tourists, archeologists, and followers of Buddhism and the rest were kept preserved,” said Noor Khan, Incharge Peshawar Museum while talking to APP.

Following completion of the work, he said, remaining artifacts would also be put on display for general public and international tourists.

“It is the only museum in the world where a complete life story of the Founder of Buddhism, Lord Buddha was available and kept preserved in the forms of statues and panels, attracting followers of Buddhism and international tourists throughout the year,” he said. Besides ancient dresses of Waziristan tribes, primitive cooking utensils and jewelry, he said adding, it was the only museum of South Asia where muzzleloader guns mostly used by British Army and Swords of freedom fighters, kings, warriors and punch marked coins were displayed.

“Most of these antiquities were adorned with museums in colonial period attracting foreign tourists from Europe, Thailand, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Turkey, Malaysia, SAARC and South East countries.”

He said about 6,000 archeological sites were so far discovered in KP and important antiques collected from these sites were also preserved at Peshawar Museum. Recalling its past history, Spokesperson of Archeology said the Museum was started as Victoria Hall in 1896 initially used as Dancing Club and was later converted into Peshawar Museum in 1906.

The present main hall of the museum was built in 1906 in the memory of Queen Victoria at the cost of Rs.60,000, out of which Rs.45,000 were donated by the public of then NWFP (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) and Rs15,000 by Director General of the Archaeology of that time. Following completion of building, the museum was set up in November 1907 to house Gandhara sculptures excavated from major Gandhara sites of Shah-Ji-Ki-Dheri Peshawar, Sahri Bahlol, Takht-i-Bahi in Mardan district and later from Jamal Garhi and other Gandharan sites excavated by British archeologists.

The two-storey building, an amalgamation of the British and Mughal architectures, originally consisted of a main hall and two side aisles on ground and first floor, surmounted by four elegant cupolas and small pinnacles on all corners.

On the eastern and western side of the building, two halls were added in similar fashion in 1969-70. After its inception in 1907, Peshawar Museum was run by the Peshawar Municipality and Superintendent of Archaeological Survey of that time, Frontier Circle was Curator of the Museum.

When the Frontier Circle Office was shifted to Lahore in 1927, a full time Curator was appointed under the Provincial Government. Following independence of Pakistan, the Museum came under direct control of Director of Public Instructions (DPI), Government of NWFP (KP) Peshawar In 1971 and an autonomous body, Board of Governors, was constituted to run affairs of the Museum, headed first by Governor and later by the Chief Secretary, Government of NWFP (KP). In 1992, Government of NWFP (KP) established its own Directorate of Archaeology and Museums to ensure better protection and preservation of archaeological heritage of the province and today Peshawar Museum was working under the Sports and Tourism Department KP.

Manzoorul Haq, former ambassador of Pakistan while talking to APP said, “Pakistan is blessed with a number of heritage sites whether it is of Buddhism, Sikhism and Sufisim besides ancient civilizations situated in Mohenjo Daro, Mehrgarh, Taxila Harappa and Takht Bhai need proper projection on digital, electronic and social media to attract foreign tourists.”

He said KP being a home of Gandhara Civilization can earn substantial revenue by constructing new museums to promote heritage and archeology tourism in the province. Noor Khan, In charge Peshawar Museum said construction work on two new museums were completed in DI Khan and Abbottabad where ancients antiquities, artifacts, coins and statues would soon be put on display for the general public, adding two more museums were being constructed in Kohat and Haripur.

Following inauguration of these four new museums, he said the number of Museums would reach to 16 in KP where three Museums were already established in Peshawar, one each at Charsadda, Mardan, Lower Dir, Swat, Bannu and two in Chitral.

A modern museum has been constructed at Hund Swabi district near the historical site from where Alexander the Great had crossed Indus River in 327 BC. Hund is also famous for Mehmood Ghaznavi’s invasion in 998, marking the beginning of Islamic era in the region.

“The Directorate of Archeology and Museums has made remarkable discovery unearthing 2,000 years old Bhuddists’ fresco paintings found first century AD coins and three fresco paintings at Abba Saib Cheena Swat. These paintings are one of the earliest Buddhist frescoes so far discovered in ancient Gandhara,” Lateefur Rehman told APP.

With assistance of Italian Govt, he said Heritage Field School (HFS) project worth around rupees. 1 billion has been started besides a mega project worth rupees. 30 billion approved under Accelerated Implementation Programme for exploration, excavation and conservation of archeological sites in merged tribal districts.

Noor Khan said following the 18th constitutional amendment, Swat Museum, ancient monuments of Takht Bhai, Sehri Behlol, Jamal Garhi in Mardan and Havalian Buddhists Monastery in Haripur had been handed over to KP. “Takht Bhai and Sehri Behlol sites were declared as protected monuments under an Ancient Preservation Act (1904) and Antiquity Act (1975) of Government of Pakistan and the entire mountain area of 445 hectares near it had been declared as Archaeological Reserve by KP Government,” he said.

The Incharge Peshawar Museum said heritage and museums tourism had achieved tremendous growth during recent years in Pakistan especially in KP as evident from influx of tourists, Buddhists, Sikhs, archaeologists and historians.

Article

Ranikot Fort: The Great Wall of Sindh

Published

2 weeks ago

October 30, 2024

EDITOR

Ranikot Fort, often dubbed as the “Great Wall of Sindh,” is one of Pakistan’s most fascinating and enigmatic historical landmarks. Situated near the town of Sann in Jamshoro District, Sindh, the fort is recognized as one of the largest in the world, with a perimeter of around 32 kilometers (20 miles). Despite its immense size and strategic location, much about its origins remains a mystery, adding to its allure and significance as a cultural and historical monument.

Historical Background

Ranikot Fort is believed to have been originally constructed in the first half of the 17th century, though there are varying accounts about its exact origins. Some historians suggest that it may date back even further, to the reign of the Sassanian Empire or earlier. It was later renovated and expanded during the rule of the Talpur Mirs in the early 19th century, as they sought to fortify their domain against external threats.

The purpose of the fort, however, remains unclear. While some believe it was built as a defense against invasions, others argue that it was a means of securing trade routes or serving as a safe haven for local rulers. The lack of any major historical records associated with significant battles or sieges at Ranikot adds to the ambiguity surrounding its function.

Architectural Marvel

The scale of Ranikot is staggering, covering an area of approximately 32 square kilometers. The fort’s massive walls snake across the barren landscape, resembling the Great Wall of China, with which it is often compared. Constructed from limestone and sandstone, the fort’s walls rise up to 6 meters (20 feet) in height and are punctuated by several bastions and watchtowers.

Ranikot has four main gates: Sann Gate, Amri Gate, Shah-Pere Gate, and Mohan Gate, each offering access to different sections of the fort. The Sann Gate, located on the eastern side, is the main entrance and is notable for its intricate design and stonework.

Within the fort’s vast expanse lies another fortification known as the “Meeri” or “Mirikot,” a small fort within the larger walls that served as the residence of the Talpur Mirs. This inner fort has its own gates and walls, adding an additional layer of defense. The Meeri Fort is perched on a hill, providing a commanding view of the surrounding landscape.

The Great Wall of Sindh

The fort’s walls, stretching across the arid hills, resemble a smaller version of the Great Wall of China. This feature has earned Ranikot the nickname “The Great Wall of Sindh.” The zigzagging walls extend for miles, blending into the rocky terrain, and are a stunning sight, especially at sunrise or sunset when the golden light casts long shadows over the surrounding desert.

Unlike the Great Wall of China, however, Ranikot is not located in a highly populated or strategically important area. Its remote location has contributed to the fort’s air of mystery, as well as its relative obscurity in the global historical and architectural landscape.

Mysteries and Theories

The true purpose of Ranikot Fort is still shrouded in mystery. Scholars and historians have proposed various theories about why it was built, ranging from a defense structure against invasions from Central Asia to a royal retreat for the Talpur dynasty. Some suggest that it was intended to protect the local population from bandits and raiders, while others believe it may have been a strategic point for controlling trade routes passing through the region.

One of the most intriguing aspects of Ranikot is the lack of significant historical records or evidence of major battles taking place there. Its size and scale suggest that it must have had some important function, yet it remains an enigma to this day.

Cultural Significance

Ranikot Fort is not only an architectural marvel but also a cultural treasure. It stands as a testament to the rich history of Sindh, a region that has been home to ancient civilizations, including the Indus Valley Civilization. The fort’s design reflects the influences of various dynasties and cultures that have ruled over Sindh, from the Greeks and Mauryas to the Mughals and Talpurs.

In modern times, Ranikot has gained recognition as a symbol of Sindh’s historical heritage. The fort has been nominated for inclusion in UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites list, which would help preserve and promote this incredible site on a global stage.

Article

Terich Mir: The Majestic Peak of the Hindu Kush. (33rd Highest Peak in the World)

Published

3 weeks ago

October 29, 2024

EDITOR

Terich Mir, standing proudly at an elevation of 7,708 meters (25,289 feet), is the highest peak in the Hindu Kush mountain range and one of the tallest mountains in the world. Located in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Terich Mir is a symbol of natural beauty, geographical significance, and adventure, attracting mountaineers, trekkers, and nature enthusiasts from around the globe.

Geographical Significance

Terich Mir is part of the western Himalayas, which extends into the Pamirs and Karakoram ranges. Its towering presence dominates the landscape of Chitral, a region already known for its breathtaking valleys, rivers, and forests. The mountain stands as a natural divider, separating the valleys of the upper Chitral region from Afghanistan’s Wakhan Corridor. Its prominence has made it a focal point in the study of climate, geography, and ecology within this part of the world.

Cultural and Historical Relevance

The name “Terich Mir” is thought to have origins in the local language, where “Terich” refers to the valley and “Mir” means king. It is often referred to as the “King of the Hindu Kush” due to its stature and importance in local lore and geography.

The people of Chitral have lived in the shadow of this great mountain for centuries, and their culture is deeply intertwined with the landscape. The Kalash, a unique indigenous community residing in nearby valleys, maintain ancient traditions, rituals, and festivals that are as enduring as the peaks themselves. Terich Mir plays a key role in the region’s oral history, and local legends often attribute mystical significance to the mountain.

Mountaineering and Exploration

Since the first successful ascent in 1950 by a Norwegian expedition led by Arne Næss, Terich Mir has been a sought-after destination for mountaineers. The peak presents a variety of challenges, from steep icy slopes to unpredictable weather, making it a technical climb that only experienced climbers dare attempt. Despite its allure, fewer expeditions attempt Terich Mir compared to peaks in the Karakoram, partly due to its remoteness and difficult accessibility.

For trekkers and nature lovers, the region offers an unparalleled experience. The approach to the base of Terich Mir involves scenic routes through the Chitral valley, crossing lush meadows, rushing rivers, and serene villages. The awe-inspiring vistas of the snow-capped mountains, combined with the tranquility of the region, offer a sense of connection with nature that is difficult to match.

Biodiversity and Ecology

Terich Mir is not just a marvel for its size but also for the unique flora and fauna that inhabit the region. The area around the mountain supports diverse ecosystems, ranging from alpine meadows to glacial landscapes. Wildlife in the region includes snow leopards, ibex, Marco Polo sheep, and a wide variety of bird species. The forests at the lower elevations are home to rich biodiversity, contributing to the mountain’s ecological significance.

Tourism Potential and Conservation

While Terich Mir remains relatively unexplored compared to some of Pakistan’s other peaks, its potential as a tourist destination is immense. Promoting sustainable tourism in the region can bring economic opportunities to the local communities while raising awareness about the need to protect the fragile environment of the Hindu Kush.

Efforts are already underway to develop infrastructure to support eco-tourism, with the local government and NGOs working together to balance the needs of conservation and economic development. The serene beauty of the region combined with the cultural richness of Chitral makes Terich Mir not only a climber’s paradise but also a destination for those looking to experience Pakistan’s unparalleled natural heritage.

Article

A Man-Made Wonder: Changa Manga – The World’s Largest Artificial Forest

Published

3 weeks ago

October 26, 2024

EDITOR

The Changa Manga Forest, located in Pakistan’s Punjab province, is one# of the most impressive 12,000 hectares (47 square miles), this man-made wonder is not only the world’s largest artificial forest but also a symbol of Pakistan’s commitment to environmental conservation, biodiversity, and reforestation.

The Origin Story: An Ingenious Solution

The Changa Manga forest was established in 1866 by the British, primarily to meet the growing demand for timber to fuel the expanding railway system of the Indian subcontinent. The British colonial government realized that they needed a sustainable source of wood to produce railway sleepers, which led to the creation of this artificial forest. Located 70 kilometers southwest of Lahore, the forest was named after two legendary bandits, Changa and Manga, who once roamed the area.

A Testament to Human Ingenuity

The forest was not grown naturally but was planted in a planned and systematic manner, transforming barren land into a thriving forest ecosystem. The efforts undertaken in the 19th century remain a testament to human ingenuity and the power of reforestation. Over the years, Changa Manga has grown into a dense forest that supports a variety of trees, plants, and wildlife, creating a self-sustaining ecosystem.

A Hub of Biodiversity

Today, the Changa Manga Forest is a biodiversity hotspot, home to an incredible array of flora and fauna. Eucalyptus, shisham, and mulberry trees dominate the landscape, providing shelter and sustenance to numerous animal species. Wildlife such as deer, wild boars, jackals, and a variety of bird species thrive in this carefully nurtured habitat.

The forest is also known for its role in producing honey, an industry that thrives due to the variety of flowering plants. Additionally, medicinal plants are cultivated here, further contributing to the forest’s economic and environmental importance.

Environmental and Economic Impact

The significance of Changa Manga extends beyond its natural beauty. The forest plays a vital role in carbon sequestration, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It also helps in soil conservation, groundwater recharge, and the regulation of local climate conditions.

Economically, the forest is an important resource for timber and wood-based industries, generating revenue while supporting sustainable forestry practices. The honey and medicinal plant industries further add to its economic contributions. Additionally, the forest offers a recreation area for eco-tourism, attracting nature lovers, students, and researchers.

Challenges and Conservation Efforts

Despite its significance, Changa Manga has faced challenges, particularly deforestation and illegal logging. Urban encroachment and exploitation of its resources have also threatened its sustainability. However, conservation efforts have been initiated by both governmental and non-governmental organizations to protect this valuable forest. Reforestation drives and strict regulations on logging have been put in place to ensure that Changa Manga continues to thrive.

A Tourist Haven

Changa Manga is not just an ecological asset but also a recreational haven for tourists. The forest offers a variety of activities such as boating, bird watching, picnicking, and horse riding, making it a popular weekend destination for locals. The Changa Manga Wildlife Park within the forest is another attraction, housing a variety of animals and providing educational opportunities for visitors interested in nature and conservation.

Conclusion: A Legacy of Green

Changa Manga stands as a living example of the possibilities of human intervention in nature for the greater good. It not only provides resources and a livelihood for many but also acts as a green lung for the region, contributing to environmental sustainability. As the world grapples with climate change and deforestation, Changa Manga offers hope and inspiration for reforestation efforts globally.

The Changa Manga Forest, a man-made wonder, is a lasting legacy of foresight, environmental stewardship, and the power of human effort to shape a greener, more sustainable future.